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Max the Magnificent

8/3/2011 11:44 AM EDT

Or vice versa (i.e. Asians showing a slight preference for Max [grin])

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KB3001

8/3/2011 11:41 AM EDT

@Max, I think your result would be in the majority. It's all about the dominant ...

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Am I a racist? Are you?

Clive Maxfield

7/18/2011 2:02 PM EDT

One author whose work I really, REALLY enjoy is Malcolm Gladwell, who has been a staff writer with The New Yorker magazine since 1996. Thus far Malcolm has written four books: The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2000), Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005), Outliers: The Story of Success (2008), and What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures (2009).

By some strange quirk of fate, I actually ended up reading these in reverse order. My wife (Gina The Gorgeous) first introduced me to Malcolm’s work when she gave me What the Dog Saw and Outliers as “stocking fillers” last Christmas. Later, I purchased Blink in an airport while traveling hither and thither. And just yesterday evening as I pen these words I finished The Tipping Point.

All of these books are extremely thought provoking and make you look at the world in a completely different way. I am in awe of Malcolm’s ability to gather so many diverse threads together and weave them into such compelling tales.

The point is that, while I was finishing The Tipping Point, I was reminded that there was something in Blink about an online test that I had always intended to try for myself. So when I meandered my way into my office today, I pulled my copy of Blink off the shelf and had a quick skim.

In Chapter 3, Malcolm talks about the way in which unconscious associations play a part in our beliefs and behavior. In particular, he introduces a tool called the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is premised on the fact that: “We make connections more quickly between pairs of ideas that are already related in our minds than we do between pairs of ideas that are unfamiliar to us.”

Malcolm then points us at www.implicit.harvard.edu where we find a bunch of online IAT tests we can take for ourselves (just click the “Demonstration” button to get started). The most famous of these tests is the Race IAT. As Malcolm says:

“I’ve taken the Race IAT on many occasions, and the result always leaves me feeling a bit creepy. At the beginning of the test, you are asked what your attitudes toward blacks and whites are. I answered, as I am sure most of you would, that I think of the races as being equal. Then comes the test.”

The end result is that on the Race IAT Malcolm is rated as having a “moderate automatic preference for whites.” The thing is that Malcolm is half black. Like he says:

“So what does this mean? Does it mean I’m a racist, a self-hating black person? Not exactly. What it means is that our attitudes toward things like race or gender operate on two levels. First of all we have our conscious attitudes. This is what we choose to believe. These are our stated values, which we choose to direct our behavior deliberately.”  [snip]  “But the IAT measures something else. It measures our second level of attitude, our racial attitude on an unconscious level – the immediate, automatic associations that tumble out before we’ve even had time to think.”

I just took the test myself. I agree with Malcolm; the outcome from my test (I got the same result as Malcolm) left me feeling somewhat disturbed. Based on my conscious thoughts, I really did expect to come out with a result along the lines of “little or no preference one way or the other.” As Malcolm goes on to say:

“The disturbing thing about the test is that it shows that our unconscious attitudes may be utterly incompatible with our stated conscious values. As it turns out, for example, of the fifty thousand African Americans who have taken the Race IAT so far, about half of them, like me, have stronger associations with whites than with blacks. How could we not? We live in North America, where we are surrounded every day by cultural messages linking white with good.

I tell you, this sort of thing certainly does provide a lot of food for thought… I will be pondering this for quite some time. Meanwhile, it would be great if you decided to try this test yourself and – if you wish – post a comment saying how you get on and whether or not you were surprised by your result


If you found this article to be of interest, visit Programmable Logic Designline where you will find the latest and greatest design, technology, product, and news articles with regard to programmable logic devices of every flavor and size (FPGAs, CPLDs, CSSPs, PSoCs...).

Also, you can obtain a highlights update delivered directly to your inbox by signing up for my weekly newsletter – just Click Here to request this newsletter using the Manage Newsletters tab (if you aren't already a member you'll be asked to register, but it's free and painless so don't let that stop you [grin]).




Max the Magnificent

7/18/2011 2:22 PM EDT

There are very few books that give you so much to think about. I rate Malcolm's books right up at the top of the pile...

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SV Tech Native

7/18/2011 2:55 PM EDT

Hi Max - I gave it a try. My result was a "slight preference" for European-American Whites.

As a woman working in technology, I thought it would be interesting to take the "Gender-Career IAT" - my result: a slight association of Female with Career and Male with Family compared to Male with Career and Female with Family.

Perhaps I shouldn't be surprised. Very thought provoking.

Hope you're having a great summer Max.

Your friend in CA, Frances

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Max the Magnificent

7/18/2011 2:59 PM EDT

Hi Frances -- the thing is that I would have said that I am the least racist person I know ... so I must admit be being somewhat disgruntled with my unconscious mind on this one...

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ReneCardenas

7/20/2011 12:26 PM EDT

Max, interesting that among other topics covered included were political affiliation and complex relations among races in other nations too.
My political neutrality was detected as little identification with either of the major parties in USA.
In the other hand, I have European (Spanish roots) and the results of slight negative bias against European and slight positive bias for “mestizo” race (European & Indigenous procreation) surprised me. It made me self conscious of my perceived ideas. I never would assume that my unconscious mind had a different agenda!...LoL

Thanks for your insight

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Fikre

7/21/2011 2:11 AM EDT

I thought I slightly prefer Europeans to Africa-Americans but the test result says:

Your data suggest little to no automatic preference between African American and European American.

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Max the Magnificent

7/25/2011 10:08 AM EDT

That's the result I was expecting (well, hoping for) for myself...

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Horaira

7/21/2011 3:11 AM EDT

I liked the Line If you found this article to be of interest, visit Programmable Logic Designline where you will find the latest and greatest design, :)

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Max the Magnificent

7/21/2011 9:15 AM EDT

Hmmm, I know what you mean, it does seem a bit odd on the basis that this isn't a programmable logic related article.

The thing is that some folks come into these articles via Google, so I wanted them to actually visit PLDL ... maybe I should "tweak" the words and add something like "and my blogs on 'stuff'" (grin)

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Max the Magnificent

7/25/2011 10:09 AM EDT

As a follow-on, I now use a slightly different version of my note for non-programmable-logic related blogs -- thanks for bringing this to my attention

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Samres

7/21/2011 9:25 AM EDT

As an African-American, the general results do not surprise me. Since the definition of the word "racist" is understood to be a negative one, I think the key to apreciating this survey is understanding the difference between having ethnocentric preferences and "racism" or racial prejudice. Although the following is my opinion, I think it's based upon fact...not to mention the life experiances of me and many of my associates of African descent.

1.Racial prejudice and/or being a racist is a negative, and oppressive mentality...that eventually is made manifest in ones behavior toward a human being or group of human beings that are the object of this racism or racial prejudice.
2. If ones "preference" for a certain ethnic group does not cause them to attempt to restrict the opportunity and/or fair treatment of other groups in a cultural, economic, political,social, or physical manner...then it's not a "racist" preference.

Example: most Jewish people I know are encouraged, from their youth, to fall in love with and marry other Jewish people. This "preference" doesn't require them to hate, or restrict the opportunity of others, so in my book, it's not racial prejudice or "racism". It's a preference to be intimate with ones own cultral/ethnic group.

3. We must aknowledge that America, though an ethnic "melting pot" is a culturally Eurocentric nation, with significant elements of racism still present within it.

4. Using #3 (Euro-American culture)as an example of ethnic/race ralations, separating racism from cultural preference falls back to how well we respect other cultural groups right to
(A) determine to what extent(if any) certain ethic groups assimilate into Euro-American cultral norms.
(B)Maintain their cultural norms

I could go on and on, but I think we all get the idea here. Mutual respect of other ethnic groups right to self-determaning behavior is the key to reducing (preferably eliminating) racist attidues.

My two sents.

SB,
Florida

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Max the Magnificent

7/21/2011 1:07 PM EDT

Thank you for taking the time to compose such a detailed reply -- I couldn't agree with you more -- Max

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RWatkins

7/21/2011 12:50 PM EDT

As a person of "Heinz-57" race (significantly mixed background) as my Mother was fond of calling it, I often wonder also about the biases of people creating these tests. My Father was a college professor, and made a point of conveying that the results of any test are at least as much dependent on the way a test was written as they are the material covered in the test. He once demonstrated this by testing two classes taking the same course by two test that asked for the same answers but in different ways, with the class averages for the two tests (in Physics) being different by more than 20 percentage points.

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Max the Magnificent

7/21/2011 1:08 PM EDT

This is very good point -- I have seen stuff on this (the way you ask the questions influences the responses) before -- we can only hope that the folks created this particular test have (as far as possible) taken everything into account...

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Hillbilly Jimmy

7/22/2011 10:34 AM EDT

Thanks for the link, Max. Thanks for the thoughtful response(s), SB and others. I appreciate my first exposure to this process. They have sought to uncover a deeper layer of our operational psyche (system software, so to speak). Their trick is to create a perceptual tongue-twister and average where we "screw up".

In other words, I imagine very few "racist and proud of it" people take this test. So probably, a majority of test takers *don't want to be racist*. That would include myself. When we make racist associations, it is against our better judgement and we consider it a mistake. The tests asks us flat out how we feel, then, assuming we don't want to make racist associations, grades our mistakes, accordingly.
I believe the red X's mark the times when "I wanted to say 'black-good' but something kept me from hitting the right key." This is, indeed an interesting find.
But seriously, there are other reasons for making mistakes. For instance, personally, I rate "not being a racist" higher than I rate "finishing first in a speed test". So I went slow enough to get things right. I missed a few, but my score (no preference) made me happy. I can imagine someone who is not a racist and is consciously comfortable with that position, but has a need for speed. Or perhaps they are clumsy at tongue twisters. Or any shades of these or other factors that would generate errors. You can see how that might skew a result or two.
Bottom line, understanding how we think *and act* is the road to freedom - and this test is an amazing thing to find along that road - Thanx, Max and Malcolm and Harvard!

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Robotics Developer

7/22/2011 1:16 PM EDT

I have read and very much enjoyed "The Tipping Point". An excellent read that was very thought provoking. I have not taken the tests but would expect that I have a preference my my own mixed but basically white race, it stands to reason. I have not experienced racism first hand but wonder how it continues to propagate in America?

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Max the Magnificent

7/25/2011 10:15 AM EDT

Re how racism continues to propagate in America -- I think some of that depends on where you are in America -- and a lot of it is how you were raised (if your parents were racist their views can't help but affect you).

I think the main thing is for all people of goodwill to make a concerted effort to make the world a better and happier place - and that includes doing whatever they can do to combat racism.

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seaEE

7/22/2011 10:25 PM EDT

If such a test were created today, in what ways would it be similar and in what ways would it be different from the original tests?

Certainly our culture and workplaces have changed. At my last job, there was an African American lady doing board layout, an Indian, a Chinese, and a Russian lady doing test (masters degree qualifications), and a Ukranian lady doing mechanical design. There was a Chinese gentleman doing DSP work. In a 250 employee building, there was quite a mix of nationalities! I think it can be said that if you have a good set of skills and a work ethic, there is a good chance you will be hired. The candidate will be chosen by skills, not by race, just like the design engineer selects the best component (Okay, and then sometimes Purchasing gets upset because the engineer picked a part with a 52 week lead time, lol).

We have made a lot of progress.

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Max the Magnificent

7/25/2011 10:17 AM EDT

I agree -- we have made a lot of progress -- things are much better than they used to be even a few decades ago -- I just hope things continue to improve.

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BobZ

7/23/2011 7:35 PM EDT

Max, you always find interesting stuff. How do you find the time for all you do?

I think the test was interesting. Of course, it's simplistic as all standardized tests for this kind of thing are. Associating a person one way or the other doesn't tell whether you would cheat that person or discriminate. Fortunately we humans have the ability to overcome our prejudices.

Also, a problem with this test, as with many tests from academia, is that there are no controls. There's nothing to compare against, so any result it comes up with is deemed true by definition. Perhaps the actual studies were more rigorous.

I want to commend poster RB for a really thoughtful and intelligent analysis. People, like all living beings, tend to want to congregate with their own kind. Changing that will require changing millennia of evolution. We should expect to be able to equalize people's opportunities through education and legislation, but we shouldn't be trying to change their social preferences.

Again, thanks for a thought-provoking article.

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Max the Magnificent

7/25/2011 10:20 AM EDT

Hi Bob -- thanks for your kind words -- just this weekend there was the tragedy in Oslo, Norway, when an extreme right-wing nutter set off a bomb and shot about 90 youngsters -- all because he wanted to make a point about keeping the European and Nordic countries "pure"...

It makes you want to cry...

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M_S

7/27/2011 3:24 PM EDT

My thoughts on this test are that it is bogus. It very much depends on how it is ordered. For me, I get used to using my left hand for European-Americans and for good so it's difficult for me to switch that when the columns are switched. I would like to see whether the results, not just for me, would change if the first association was randomly changed.

My result was a strong preference for European-American whites, which I don't think is true.

Like Frances, I'm a woman working in technology and I also decided to take the "Gender-Career IAT". However, my result was that due to taking longer on certain responses, I supposedly have a slight association of Male with Career and Female with Family compared to Female with Career and Male with Family! I REALLY don't believe that result!

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Max the Magnificent

7/27/2011 3:30 PM EDT

Re your not believing the result ... I think that's the whole point, that our unconscious minds are not always in sync with their conscious counterparts.

With regard to your first point, I'll have to go back and look at it again. I can't remember if they swapped the hands/associations 1/2 way through. But I agree that the test should be set up to account for stuff like this...

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M_S

7/27/2011 4:25 PM EDT

Having just taken the IATs, yes, halfway through they swap the hands and associations. In fact, that's how they score the test.

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M_S

7/27/2011 4:44 PM EDT

Oh, by the way, I went back and did the racial IAT again, just to see whether I could do better at manipulating it(!!). My result was a slight preference for European-Americans, which is what I consciously believe is the truth.

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Max the Magnificent

7/27/2011 5:06 PM EDT

I'm up to my ears in alligators fighting fires without a canoe at the moment (I never metaphor I didn't like :-)

But as soon as I have some free time I'm going to go back and experiment with a couple of these tests.

I think the main thing is to try to do them as fast as you can so as to let the unconscious mind shine through (in a manner of speaking)

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KB3001

8/3/2011 11:41 AM EDT

@Max, I think your result would be in the majority. It's all about the dominant culture and race of the time. Who knows? in a century or so when China rule the world, test results of Max VI would show a slight preference for Asians!

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Max the Magnificent

8/3/2011 11:44 AM EDT

Or vice versa (i.e. Asians showing a slight preference for Max [grin])

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