SANTA CLARA, Calif. — The U.S. is falling behind in basic research and is in danger of losing access to top talent due to its visa and immigration policies, said Stanford President John Hennessy.
The co-author of a pioneering text on microprocessor design and a founder of high tech companies, Hennessy served as Stanford’s president for 15 years. The following are excerpts from a fireside chat he gave at the annual State of the Valley event where Joint Venture Silicon Valley released its annual report on the high tech hot spot.
On research:
Basic research lays the foundation for really big changes, discontinuous discoveries that change whole disciplines. As we’ve tried to deal with budget issues in the U.S., that the side that’s been starving. We have fallen worldwide from #2 in our percent of GDP spent on basic research to #10 — that’s a really dangerous position. We have to step it up, if we want to lead.
Universities now play the role that places like Bell Labs used to play…When Larry Page began work on what led to Google search he was working on a National Science Foundation grant on how to search a library. Web search engines then were good, but Google was a lot better.
One of the things we’ve been working on for 50 years is inter-disciplinary research, particularly on the biggest problems we as humans face such as climate change and water resources. These won’t be solved even by the greatest researchers working solo.
We’ve built that approach into the Stanford Bio-x program with engineering, math, chemistry and physics trying to find new approaches to health care. We have a new effort on neuroscience we are really excited about. We know so little about the human brain and how it works, things that could lead to cures for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
On keeping Silicon Valley competitive:
We have to continue to attract the best talent in the world. To do that you have to be able to welcome people from anyplace in the world and have them be at home. So we’ve got to get visa and general immigration reform done…the high skills piece of that problem is critical to the health of Silicon Valley.
In housing, we have to figure out ways people don’t have to drive an hour and a half each day to get to work. We have to figure out mass transit as we are becoming a semi-urban environment.
On women in engineering:
Women are still dramatically under-represented in engineering fields. We are seeing some rise in computer science majors after a long challenge in that area. Young women are still isolated in some subjects where there may be two or three females and two dozen males. We have to figure out how we support them.
Today more than half the deans at Stanford are women, including the dean of engineering who for the first time is a woman — and she’s a physicist on top of that. She got that job for one reason: she was the best qualified person.
We have to continue to reinforce that message.
Next page: On making education better

One systemic problem that is pervasive is the 'you don't know what you don't know' (Douglas Hofstadter would like this one) problem. In this situation students get into an expensive discovery process (I'll start now and figure out my major as I go along). This use to be possible for University students. Not anymore! We need to use technology to hook-up high school students (especially in poor neighborhoods where the parents have never been to college) with mentors. Eventually Jeff Hawkins will figure out an algorithm for this, but in the meantime - Mark Zuckerberg, are you listening?